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Criminal justice ethics
Criminal justice ethics (also police ethics) is the academic study of ethics as it is applied in the area of law enforcement. Usually, a course in ethics is required of candidates for hiring as law enforcement officials. These courses focus on subject matter which is primarily guided by the needs of social institutions and societal values. Law enforcement agencies operate according to established police practices and ethical guidelines consistent with community standards in order to maintain public trust while performing their responsibilities.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Ethics and Integrity )〕
Police ethics and integrity are essential aspects of the law enforcement system that facilitate effective crime control practices.〔 A combination of laws, training, and standards help police officers maintain ethical behavior on duty. Holding a position of authority while also having the means to use force legitimately requires police professionals to adhere to the strictest ethical standards to avoid controversial or corrupt abuses of power.
Policing the community often brings ethical situations into consideration that may be, but is not limited to, one of the following circumstances: criminal investigations, procedural justice, racial profiling, early intervention systems, internal affairs, citizen complaints, mediation, recruitment, and use of force.〔
==Values==
Values are the ideas and behaviors that shape ethical ideals. Personal values are things that are important to individuals that are shaped by one's specific upbringing, religious beliefs, cultural background, and personal experiences.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Ethics in Law Enforcement )〕 Societal values are things that are comprehensively held by a broader amount of people, like a community, that align closely to the society's culture and beliefs.〔 Personal values are unique to individuals and thus are not an appropriate basis for professional ethics.〔 Ethics can be defined as a system of moral values that distinguish rules for behavior based on an individual's or groups' ideas of what is good and bad. Police ethics are the rules for behavior that guide law enforcement officials based on what society deems as right and wrong. Ethics remain constant while definitions of right and wrong may change over time, yet what may be considered ethically right or wrong can be different than what is legally considered right and wrong.〔 For police officials, ethical standards further include values such as integrity, courage and allegiance.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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